Linux下Tomcat+Nginx服务器环境安装配置的简明教程
一、安装
1.安装JDK
下载的jdk文件为:jdk-6u45-linux-x64.bin,执行如下命令进行安装:
#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin
2.安装tomcat:
#tarzxvfapache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz #mvapache-tomcat-6.0.29tomcat
这里我将解压后的apache-tomcat-6.0.29重命名为了tomcat方便操作。
3.配置环境变量:
编辑/etc下的profile文件,加上如下内容:
JAVA_HOME="/opt/app/jdk1.6.0_45" CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib" PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin" CATALINA_HOME="/opt/app/tomcat" exportJAVA_HOMECATALINA_HOME
执行下面命令使变更生效:
#source/etc/profile
启动tomcat并输入http://domain:8080,如果看到猫的页面即tomcat和jdk安装成功
新建文件目录/home/www为网站存放目录,设置server.xml文件,在Hostname=”localhost”处将appBase=的指向路径改为/home/www/web
创建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT,内容为:“hello!” 重新启动tomcat,重新访问,如果看到index.jsp文件内容hello!表示设置成功。
4.安装Nginx
执行如下命令解压nginx:
#tarzxvfnginx-1.4.4.tar.gz #mvnginx-1.4.4nginx
同样重命名了一下。
安装nginx:
#./configure--prefix=/opt/app/nginx
结果出现了错误:error:Ccompilerccisnotfound,按网上所说安装编译源码所需的工具和库:
#yuminstallgccgcc-c++ncurses-develperl
再次安装,发现还有错误:theHTTPrewritemodulerequiresthePCRElibrary.
执行
#yum-yinstallpcre-developensslopenssl-devel
终于成功,
#./configure--prefix=/opt/app/nginx #make #makeinstall
nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/opt/app/nginx
二、Nginx方面的配置
在/usr/local/目录下分别安装nginx和tomcat
为nginx添加conf.d目录,用于各项目的配置,比如新建renhetoutiao.conf文件
server{ listen80; server_namedevtoutiao.renhe.cn; root/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs; access_log/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log; location=/{ rewrite^/$/index.shtmllast; } location~.shtml{ proxy_passhttp://localhost:8081; proxy_set_headerHost$host; proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr; proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location~.*.(js|css)?${ expires1h; } } server{ listen80; server_namedevtoutiao.renhe.cn; root/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/htdocs; access_log/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/logs/access_log.log; location=/{ rewrite^/$/index.shtmllast; } location~.shtml{ proxy_passhttp://localhost:8081; proxy_set_headerHost$host; proxy_set_headerX-Real-IP$remote_addr; proxy_set_headerX-Forwarded-For$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location~.*.(js|css)?${ expires1h; } }
对nginx的conf/nginx.conf修改,第二行userroot,赋予nginxroot权限,在http中添加include/usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
选择一个项目如renhetoutiao,目录/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/
三、Tomcat方面的配置
catalina.policycatalina.propertiescontext.xmltomcat-users.xmlserver.xmlweb.xml
这5个配置文件就可以启动一个tomcat实例,其中server.xml是必须配置的。
catalina.policycatalina.propertiesweb.xml可以使用默认的,可以从安装路径copy,context.xmltomcat-users.xml可以不用。
所以每个项目我们只需要配置server.xml,如renhetoutiao项目的配置
<?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='utf-8'?> <Serverport="8015"shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/> <Servicename="Catalina"> <Connectorport="8081"protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443"/> <Enginename="Catalina"defaultHost="localhost"> <Hostname="localhost"appBase="webapps"unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="false"xmlValidation="false"xmlNamespaceAware="false"> <ContextdocBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web"path=""/> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> <?xmlversion='1.0'encoding='utf-8'?> <Serverport="8015"shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener"/> <ListenerclassName="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/> <Servicename="Catalina"> <Connectorport="8081"protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8443"/> <Enginename="Catalina"defaultHost="localhost"> <Hostname="localhost"appBase="webapps"unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="false"xmlValidation="false"xmlNamespaceAware="false"> <ContextdocBase="/home/renhetoutiao/renhetoutiao/web"path=""/> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>
因为使用nginx,tomcat的ajp不会使用,所以可以去掉,tomcat可以这样简单配置。注意每个项目的连接端口和关闭端口,不要有重复。
因为tomcat回去加载指定路径下得classlib,所以必须把配置、依赖等copy至web下,启动脚本bin/startup,关闭脚本bin/shutdown如下:
#!/bin/sh exportCATALINA_BASE="$PWD" exportCATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备 #迁移tomcat必要的配置文件catalina.policycatalina.propertiescontext.xmltomcat-users.xmlweb.xml if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-d"$CATALINA_BASE"/logs];then mkdirlogs fi #准备classes和lib目录 CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib rm-rf"$CLASSES_PATH" rm-rf"$LIB_PATH" cp-R"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf"$CLASSES_PATH" cp-R"$CATALINA_BASE"/lib"$LIB_PATH" #启动时会记录进程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid内 #shutdown时强制关闭该进程 $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh exportCATALINA_BASE="$PWD" exportCATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" #启动为适配tomcat目录做的准备 #迁移tomcat必要的配置文件catalina.policycatalina.propertiescontext.xmltomcat-users.xmlweb.xml if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.policy];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.policy"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/catalina.properties];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/catalina.properties"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-f"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf/web.xml];then cp"$CATALINA_HOME"/conf/web.xml"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf fi if[!-d"$CATALINA_BASE"/logs];then mkdirlogs fi #准备classes和lib目录 CLASSES_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/classes LIB_PATH="$CATALINA_BASE"/web/WEB-INF/lib rm-rf"$CLASSES_PATH" rm-rf"$LIB_PATH" cp-R"$CATALINA_BASE"/conf"$CLASSES_PATH" cp-R"$CATALINA_BASE"/lib"$LIB_PATH" #启动时会记录进程ID,存放于logs/tomcat.pid内 #shutdown时强制关闭该进程 $CATALINA_HOME/bin/startup.sh
#!/bin/sh exportCATALINA_BASE="$PWD" exportCATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh #!/bin/sh exportCATALINA_BASE="$PWD" exportCATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat" $CATALINA_HOME/bin/shutdown.sh
通过tomcat的startup.sh脚本,会碰到项目中分配的线程没有及时释放,tomcat不能及时关闭,导致重启时产生端口冲突
解决方案:强制关闭tomcat进程,kill-9PID,执行脚本需要启动时记录各个tomcat实例的进程,这里将进程PID保存在项目的logs目录下。
记录PID的操作需要修改tomcat安装目录下bin/catalina.sh脚本
在PRGDIR=dirname"$PRG"后面加上
TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if[-f"$TOMCAT_PID"];then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif[$1="start"];then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi TOMCAT_PID="$PWD"/"logs/tomcat.pid" if[-f"$TOMCAT_PID"];then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" elif[$1="start"];then CATALINA_PID="$TOMCAT_PID" fi
最后需要给项目用户可执行权限chmod777catalina.sh